calculate['kaelkjulet]计算；预测，预计
【真句】It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.【年6月全国乙卷】据计算，仅欧洲铁路每年就花费约亿欧元用于维修，包括派遣维修人员（通常是在夜间）检查和修理铁路基础设施。
【真句】They calculated that due to the global warming the forest is producing tons of wood each year. 【上海选词填空】他们预计由于全球变暖，森林每年产吨垃圾。
calculate的名词形式：calculation 计算
call [kl] v. 名叫，叫作；把……叫作；喊，叫；打电话；n. 电话
【真句】It's a call she must handle alone...【年1月浙江卷】她必须独自处理这个电话...
【真句】The earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere.【江西阅读】地球被一层叫作大气的空气层所包围。
【真句】Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store.【安徽阅读】雨林经常被叫作世界药店。
【真句】Why does the man call the woman? 【安徽】为什么那位男士给女士打电话。
短语：call A B把A称之为B
【真句】Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store.【安徽阅读】雨林经常被叫作世界药店。
contrary ['kntrri] adj. 相反的 n. 相反
【助记】country原义是“相对于他国而言的本国土地，即国家”。country→counter/contr- （=against对立，相反）
【拓展】country ['kntr] n. 国家；农村，乡下 （古希腊时代，相对于城市而言，城市的对立面就是乡村，（广大的）国土。）
countryside ['kntrsad] n. 乡下，农村
calm [kɑ:m] adj. (人)镇静的；（地点、时期，局势）稳定的，平静的；（水面）平静的 v. （使）平静，（使）镇定
【真句】The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl.【天津】那低沉而温柔的声音使这个紧张的女孩平静了下来。
【真句】Happy and calm is the man who takes all these possibilities into consideration and arrives at the appointment either early or on time.【陕西阅读】那些考虑到这些责任并且在约会时准时或提前到达的人是开心与镇静的。
【真句】He enjoyed the beauty of the calm sea.【湖北阅读】他很喜欢美丽的平静的大海。
【真句】One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension.【重庆阅读】有一段时间森林非常平静，接着空气中充满了紧张的氛围。
【真句】She calmed me.【四川完形】她让我平静下来。
短语：calm down （使）平静；（使）镇定
camel ['kaeml] n. 骆驼
camera ['kaemr] n. 照相机；摄像机
camp [kaemp] n.营地 v.露营
【真句】Finding the right spot to camp is the first step to guaranteeing a good night’s sleep.【北京阅读】
找到好的地点去露营是保证晚上好的睡眠的第一步。
【真句】During the war, my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California.【浙江完形】在战争期间，我的丈夫驻扎在加利福尼亚的一个沙漠的军营里面。
campaign [kaem'pen] n. 活动；运动
【真句】The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast-food industry.【山东阅读】活动本身改变了快餐行业的传统广告风格。
【真句】A public-health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by percent over the past three decades.【湖北 阅读】公共健康运动在过去的3年将心脏疾病的死亡率减少了%。
campus ['kaemps] n. 校园，校区
【真句】Campus Security is available to assist hours, 7 days a week. If you see anything suspicious, please call Campus Security on .【天津】校园保安每周7天、每天小时提供协助。如发现可疑情况，请拨打校园保安电话。
can [kaen] n. 能够；可能 n. 罐
canal [k'nael] n. 运河
cancer ['kaensr] n. 癌
conventional [kn'vennl] adj. 传统的 （走到一起→大家都走的→传统的）
【助记】con-一起， vent-走。共同走到一起→“大”会，“大会”必然制定“公约”，“公约”必然会成为行事的“惯例、习俗”。
【真句】Conventional air pollution monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at about nine feet in the air. 【北京】传统的空气污染监测器通常安装在约9英尺高的路灯柱上。
【真句】...a small aircraft uses ＄ on conventional fuel for a -mile flight.【天津】 一架小型飞机在英里飞行中使用\$常规燃料。
cancel ['kaensl] vt. 取消
【真句】The two sets of waves cancel each other out.【天津】这两组波相互抵消。
candidate ['kaenddt] n. 候选人，申请人
There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.【湖北】毫无疑问该候选人的优势在于他用英语与外国人交流的能力。
Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.【陕西】请发送你有的关于该岗位的申请人的信息。
同义词：applicant 申请人
candle ['kaendl] n. 蜡烛
candy ['kaend] n. 糖果
canteen [kaen'tin] n. 餐厅；食堂
cap [kaep] n.帽子；盖；笔套
capital ['kaeptl] n.首都，省会；资本，资金
China prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investment. 【江苏阅读】中国希望其他国家用自然资源付款而不是进行资本投资。
capsule ['kaepsjul] n. 胶囊；太空舱
captain ['kaeptn] n.上校；船长；队长
caption ['kaepn] n.说明文字
car [kɑr] n. 汽车
carbon ['kɑbn] n. 碳
card [kɑd] n.卡片；纸牌
care [ke] n. 照顾，照料；保养，护理；小心，谨慎； v. 在乎
【真句】Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her -year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.【年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）】她的丈夫打两份工来支付账单，她岁的母亲有时帮助照顾孩子。
【真句】...they could work the farm, take care of the herd, run errands...【上海】他们可以在农场干活，照顾牧群，跑腿...
【真句】The chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.【广东完形】由于更好的饮食和健康护理，长寿的可能性更高了。
短语: care about v. 在乎，关心
They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment.【重庆阅读】他们回收垃圾是因为他们在乎环境。
care for 照顾，照料；
【真句】...they could care for children younger than themselves...【上海】..他们可以照顾比他们自己还小的孩子...
I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for grandma.【天津阅读】我做出了辍学照顾祖母的决定
take care 保重；小心
Why is there the need to take care when you are doing the experiment? 【江西阅读】为什么当你做实验的时候你要小心？
take care of 照看；处理
【真句】You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.【浙江】你必须组织孩子们的活动，并照顾账单和杂货。
【真句】Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.【年安徽完形】也许修理我们的财物和改变我们的消费习惯是减少垃圾数量和照看环境的最好方式。
【真句】While taking care of his wound, I asked him if he had another doctor’s appointment.【全国一完形】当处理他的伤口的时候，我问他是否有另一个医生的预约。
care的三个形容词：careful; careless; caring
caring ['ker] adj. 关心他人的
She was a very caring mother.【四川语法填空】她是一个非常有爱心的妈妈。
careless ['kels] adj. 粗心的，不小心的；随意的，漫不经心的
Careless medical treatment may cause great pain.【湖北阅读】粗心的治疗会导致很大的痛苦。
She is careless about her appearance.【天津阅读】她不在乎她的外貌。
component [km'pnnt] n. 零件，组成部分
【真句】Its basic components are used as fertilizer, and so will enrich the soil.【湖南】他的基本成分被用作肥料并且将会使土壤肥沃。
【天津】 the electric component电气零部件
careful ['kefl] adj. 小心的，谨慎的;细心的
【真句】 It is important to take careful notes during class.【年6月新高考1卷】上课时仔细记笔记是很重要的。
【真句】Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.【北京阅读】要尤其警惕广告里面的信息。
【真句】The worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture.【安徽阅读】
全世界水的供应需要细心的管理，尤其在农业方面
用法：be careful with/of/about 小心……
【真句】You must be careful with the camera. It costs! 【年四川】拿相机要小心点，它很贵的！
career [k'r] n. 职业
【真句】That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.【年6月浙江卷】那部电影使他进入了职业生涯的后半期，他的喜剧表演本身就可以使一部电影在经济上取得成功，即使影评人对它的评价并不高。
【真句】The mother is successful in her career.【天津阅读】这位母亲在她的职业中非常成功。
carpenter ['kɑpnt] n.木匠
carpet ['kɑpt] n. 地毯
carriage ['kaerd] n. 四轮马车;（火车）客车厢
carrot ['kaert] n.胡萝卜
carry ['kaer] v. 提，拿，搬，送；携带；写有，印有；具有（某种特质）；刊登，报道
【真句】Please carry your card with you at all times.【天津】请随时随身携带您的卡。
【真句】As usually I helped him carry his bags into his study.【年陕西完形】和往常一样我把他的包送到他的书房。
【真句】Letters to the editor must carry the writer’s full name, address and telephone number, although the information is not necessary for publication.【江西阅读】给编辑的信必须带有作者的全名、地址和电话，尽管这些对与出版并不要紧。
【真句】A major French newspaper carried an article announcing the death of Alfred Nobel.【广东完形】 一份法国的主要报纸刊登了一篇宣布Alfred Nobel死亡的文章。
carry的名词: carrier n. 搬运者；媒介
短语：carry out 实施（含有此意的词有：perform, conduct）
【真句】The research should be carried out in kindergartens.【山东阅读】该研究应该在幼儿园实施。
carry on （with） 继续，继续走
【真句】The bad habit will carry on throughout their lives.【安徽阅读】这个坏习惯将贯穿他们一生。
carry over 继续下去
【真句】This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.【全国一七选五】这一知识在他们未来关系的态度得以延续。
carry的名词：carrier 搬运者；搬运工具
cartoon [kɑ'tun] n. 动画片，卡通
carve [kɑv] vt.刻，雕刻
case [kes] n. 情况；案例；箱子；病例
【真句】It is reported that the police will soon look into the case of the two missing children.【江西】据报道，警察将很快调查两个儿童失踪的案例。
【真句】He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in strange city.【全国一阅读】他将他的情况告诉了警方然后坐在那儿，感到孤单迷茫。
【真句】On his way out, Broad's glance happened to fall on an exhibiting case showing some old newspapers.【湖南阅读】在他出去的路上，他碰巧注意到了陈列旧报纸的展览箱
【真句】There has been a drop in new AIDS cases in wealthy nations.【湖北阅读】发达国家的艾滋病例已经减少了。
短语：in … case 在……情况下
【真句】Some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management.【北京阅读】一些铁路部分开发了，但是其他的部分却没有被开发，但是在这两种情况里土地所有权都给土地管理带来了挑战。
in case of（后面加名词）万一
【真句】Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket— percent say they never use it while a further percent keep it in case of emergencies. 【年6月全国乙卷】在那些仍然拥有固定电话的澳大利亚人中，三分之一的人承认没有必要使用固定电话他们把它当作安全毯，%的人说他们从来不使用它，而另有%的人保留它以备不时之需。
in case(后面加句子) 以防，万一
【真句】The traveler may fire at a wild beast to defend himself in case he is attacked.【江西阅读】游客也许会朝野兽开火以防自己受到攻击。
be the case真的
【真句】It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.【江苏】，这是真的-----对于那些坚持希望的人来说任何事情都是可能的。
cash [kae] n. 现金；钱，资金
【真句】Would you like the opportunity to earn extra cash close to home? 【天津卷】你想有机会在家附近赚点现金吗？
【真句】To my surprise, he merely smiled at us, handed us some cash and said, “buy yourself new hamburgers”.【陕西完形】令我们惊讶的是，他只是朝我们笑一笑，给了我们一些钱并且说道让我们去买些汉堡。
cast [kɑst] 投射（光或影），扔，抛，撒
【真句】The data also cast doubt on the idea that the LED lighting revolution will lead to energy cost savings.【上海】这些数据也让人们对LED照明革命将带来能源成本节约的观点产生了怀疑。
cast a look/glance at sb. /sth. 看/瞅……一眼
Again she cast a look toward the window.【浙江阅读】她再次瞅了一眼窗户。
cast a shadow/cloud over sth 给某事投下了一层阴影
The second half looks at the dark forces casting a shadow over her own life.【山东阅读】书的第二部分主要关注给他生活投下阴影的黑暗力量。
castle ['kaesl] n. 城堡
casual ['kael] adj. 随意的，漫不经心的；非正式的
【真句】Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter, especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.【天津】向总统求情可不是一件随便的事，尤其是对一个十七岁的女孩来说。
【真句】To allow free flow of information, they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way.【上海阅读】为了可以让信息自由流动，他们不得不以漫不经心的方式进行交流。
短语：casual clothes 休闲服
同义词：informal adj. 非正式的
反义词：formal adj. 正式的
cat [kaet] n. 猫
catalogue ['kaetlg] n. 目录
catastrophe [k'taestrf] n. 灾难
catch [kaet] v. 抓住；捕捉；感染上（疾病）；卡住，夹住；赶上
【真句】Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep catch night when she was young.【江苏】他的女儿梅丽莎觉得保存他的音乐是非常值得的，因为她年轻的时候就在音乐中睡着了。
【真句】People quickly caught on.【浙江】人们很快就流行起来了。
【真句】Agreement was reached, and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs.【辽宁阅读】
协议达成了，孩子们被送到田野里面抓青蛙。
短语：catch up with 追上，赶上
【真句】He estimated that the bees would catch up with him soon.【江西阅读】他估计蜜蜂很快就会赶上他了。
be caught in 陷入/处于（不好的情况）（此时等同于be stuck in）
【真句】Tommy Lee’s invention of the unbreakable umbrella was due to his dream of being caught in a rainstorm.【江苏阅读】Tommy Lee发明了这个不以破的伞是由于梦见自己陷入暴风雨之中。
catch sb doing sth. 撞见，看见
【真句】At age thirteen, he was caught by police stealing. At eighteen, he landed in prison for shooting a man. 【浙江阅读】 岁时，警察撞见他行窃；岁时因杀人入狱。
be/get caught up in sth 陷入/卷入（不好的事情）
【真句】Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate response? 【年7月全国1卷】与其纠结于如何做得更好，为什么不给自己一个富有同情心的回应呢？
【真句】Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap.【北京阅读】Grace 在它幼小的时候失去了尾巴，当时他陷入了渔网。
catch on 流行；明白，意识到
【真句】The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.” 【全国三阅读】一篇文章越积极它就越有可能被分享，正如Berger博士在他的新书《富有感染力— 事情流行的原因》所描述的。
catch one’s eye吸引某人的眼球
【真句】A piece of news caught my eye.【天津阅读】一条新闻吸引了我的眼球
catch fire着火
【真句】The basement caught fire by accident.【天津阅读】地下室意外起火了。
category ['kaetɡr] n. 种类
【真句】That is the reason why I recommend another category of books.【浙江阅读】那就是我为什么推荐另一本书。
同义词：sort, kind, type
cater ['ket] v.
用法：cater for 满足……的需要
【真句】Children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.【全国三阅读】以苹果为主题的有趣的游戏可以很好地满足孩子们的需要。
catholic['kaeθlk] adj. 天主教的
cathedral [k'θidrl] n. 大教堂
cattle ['kaetl] n. 牛（总称名词）
【真句】That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes. 【年6月新高考二卷】这样，养牛人就可以知道他们是否需要将牛移到另一个田地以获得营养。
【真句】Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.【年6月新高考二卷】机器已经在很大程度上接管了玉米和小麦等作物的种植、灌溉和收获，但对牛的监控却没有什么变化。
cause [kz] v.引起，导致；n. 原因；事业
【真句】Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.【浙江】麦金太尔说，自世纪年代以来，导致该州水分压力上升的最大因素是气温上升，这导致树木向空气中流失更多的水分，以及积雪融化的提前，这减少了干旱季节树木可用的水供应。
Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning.【广东阅读】一些化学物质有时也会导致食物中毒。
【真句】Jim was rushed back to operation, but nothing was found to explain the cause of his illness.【四川阅读】吉姆立刻被送往医院，但是无法解释他生病的原因。
含有“引起，导致”之意的单词或短语：lead to, result in, contribute to, bring about
cautious ['k:s] adj. 谨慎的，小心的
用法：be cautious about 对……小心/谨慎
【真句】Mohan is cautious about this approach, yet she supports the purpose behind these digital beings and is optimistic about where they are headed.【天津卷】莫汉对这种方法持谨慎态度，但她支持这些数字生物背后的目的，并对它们的发展方向持乐观态度。
cautious 的名词形式caution 谨慎,小心
curious ['kjris] adj. 好奇的；奇怪的
【真句】Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, "Why? Why? Why? "【天津】像伽利略一样，历史上所有伟大的名字都是奇怪的，不满的问，“为什么？为什么？为什么？ ”
He came to a stop and looked curiously up.【江西阅读】 他停了下来并且好奇得向上看。
用法：be curious about 对……好奇
【真句】Though he never made it to the top, his math teacher was always amazed and curious about the change.【重庆完形】尽管他从来没有成为第一，他的数学老师还是很惊讶，并且对他的变化感到很好奇。
curious 的名词形式curiosity好奇，好奇心
cave [kev] n. 洞，穴；地窖